Kevin Levrone Levro Pump Preworkout 360g

This product is recommended for adults practicing physical exercises, before an intense strength and endurance workout.

LevroPump is based on beta-alanine, arginine and citrulline – amino acids which are the key supplements in the pre- and intra-workout periods.

CarnoSyn® is the only global patented form of beta-alanine to be used in diet supplements, patented by Natural Alternatives International. Roger Harris, Ph.D., who has changed the face of sports thanks to his breakthrough research on creatine, discovered that beta-alanine supplementation supports the increase the level of carnosine in muscles and increases physical capacity. CarnoSyn® provides the body with a bioavailable form of beta-alanine, a naturally occurring amino acid, essential for the carnosine synthesis. Carnosine in muscles acts as a buffer, which delays the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Roger Harris, Ph.D. has discovered that beta-alanine supplementation boosts the buffering capacity, which allows for the increased muscle performance, improves the physical capacity and attenuates the fatigue. CarnoSyn®, the patented beta-alanine form, is a diet supplement which changes the future of sports in the world.

Baguet A et al. “Beta-alanine supplementation reduces acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise” Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010, Derave W. et al, “Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters” J Appl Physiol. 2007, Hill CA. et al, “Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on the skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids. 2007, Derave W. et al, “Beta-alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters” J Appl Physiol. 2007.

Ingredients

Beta-alanine as CarnoSyn® is a patented beta-alanine molecule. The amino acids occur naturally in the form of alfa-amino acids. Beta-alanine is one of the exceptions. In the beta-alanine molecule the nitrogenous group is not bound to the same carbon atom as the carboxyl group, as it usually occurs in alfa amino acids, but it is positioned one atom away. Beta-alanine plays an essential role in the regulation of the amount of the carnosine, a substance which neutralizes the amount of lactic acid produced in muscles during a high-intensity workout [1]. Beta-alanine is an intracellular buffer capable of buffering the hydrogen ions (stabilizing the pH of the muscles) whereas the said lactic acid is the hydrogen ion donor. The hydrogen ions block the further performance of skeletal muscles by impairing the communication between nervous system and muscle tissue, which results in the breakdown of the process of effective muscle contraction. The beta-alanine has a very long active half-time, which lasts about 40 days. Thus, its capability of concentration in muscles depends not only on the amount but also on the duration of supplementation. According the research, the supplementation of beta-alanine for 10 weeks increases the concentration of carnosine in muscles up to 80%. What does it mean for an athlete? Increasing the carnosine concentration in type II muscle fibres (FTa, FTb – fibres prone to muscle growth) with the use of CarnoSyn® supplementation, improves the capacity of the muscle fibres to absorb an increased number of H+ hydrogen ions produced as the result of the lactic acid formation, thus, providing a balanced pH level.

[¹] Baguet A. et al. Carnosine loading and washout in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2009. And Harris RC. et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids, 2006.

TAURINE

Taurine is a non-protein sulphur amino acid commonly occurring in animal tissues. Taurine is mainly distributed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and retina. The taurine may be synthesized in course of the internal transformations in the body from cysteine and methionine, but its dispensable origin does not satisfy the body’s demand for amino acids. Thus, it must be obtained with diet. Due to its structure (sulfonic group, not carboxyl group) taurine does not form peptide bonds and occurs in the body in a free form. Taurine has numerous physiological functions. It regulates calcium concentration in the body. Taurine is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and it is responsible for the osmoregulation. It is also involved in the formation of bile acids and modulates the course of inflammatory reaction. Taurine shows antioxidative properties by protecting the muscle cells against the harmful effect of free radicals, which come into being after high intensity and long-term aerobic (requiring oxygen) exercises1. This amino acid also boosts the transportation of active elements to the muscles by modulating the effect of insulin. It gives a pleasant feeling of “being energized” without the effect of irritation or “overstimulation” of the central nervous system. It also has antioxidative properties, protecting the muscles from the effects of free radicals, that is, the “oxidative stress” occurring after a high intensity and long-term physical effort.


1Taurine and its potential therapeutic application Konrad Szymański, Katarzyna Winiarska, Zakład Regulacji Metabolizmu, Instytut Biochemii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski

CITRULLINE MALATE

It is a compound which is a combination of citrulline amino acid and malic acid. Citrulline is an amino acid increasing the physical efficiency of the body by its multidirectional effect. Citrulline, as an amino acid participating in the urea cycle of the body, is involved in the process of metabolising ammonia to urea, and, at the same time, converting the toxic ammonia into water soluble and easy to remove urea. This cycle of reactions and the presence of citrulline is, at the same time, essential for anyone staying on high protein diet, as it prevents from protein toxicity. Another advantage of the presence of citrulline in the body is the fact that it boosts cellular metabolism and energy level and increases the endurance level, as citrulline is involved in the production of nitric oxide. Citrulline and arginine are amino acids which may be mutually converted in the organism. Whereas the conversion of citrulline to arginine requires numerous reactions, the conversion of arginine to citrulline takes place in a direct conversion which results in the formation of the nitric oxide molecule. The nitric oxide present in the muscles promotes the relaxation of the endothelium of blood vessels which results in increasing of blood flow to the working muscles and supplying oxygen and numerous nutrients necessary to continue the increased effort. The increased blood flow supports the process of “cleansing” of the working muscles. A specific exchange of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and the harmful products of metabolism, which must be removed by the organism, takes place in every cell. Due to the increased blood flow, the exchange is faster and thus, the muscle cells can work longer and harder.

L-ARGININE ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE

A-AKG molecule is derived from L-arginine and α-ketoglutaric acid – one of the intermediates in the Krebs cycle – a metabolic pathway leading to produce an energy substrate for working muscles – adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. Arginine is known by sports enthusiasts as a molecule which triggers the “muscle pump” – inseparably related with the production and release of nitric oxide molecules in the body. Nitric oxide is an important cellular signalising molecule involved in many physiological and pathogenic processes. It is a powerful vasodilator boosting the endothelium relaxation which results in widening the diameter of all blood vessels, mainly arteries. A wider artery may carry more blood and nutrients to the working muscles. The arterial blood contains oxygen necessary for the muscle work and supplies nutrients such as amino acids, saccharides, creatine and arginine from outside. Nitric oxide makes the transport within the body more efficient, and thus the cells receive nutrients but also the harmful metabolic products are more quickly removed from the cells.

TYROSINE

L-tyrosine is a dispensable amino acid, that is, an amino acid which can be synthesized in a human body, if provided with sufficient supply of phenylalanine, as tyrosine has one hydroxyl group in comparison to phenylalanine. Tyrosine has an important biological function of an intracellular transmitter and is a precursor to hormones and biologically active substances, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline or dopamine. Tyrosine enables the biosynthesis of these neurotransmitters in neural synapses which allows for a quick transmission of signals between brain and muscles.

CAFFEINE

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. It produces increased focus and reduces fatigue1, boosts the circulation and respiratory system by expanding bronchi and it facilitates breathing. It reduces muscle pain resulting from high intensity physical effort. It upgrades the thermal economy of the body and the rate of metabolism, supports fat burning processes, stimulates the use of fat as energy source, improves the body efficiency and endurance1, reduces the risk of diabetes and liver diseases and reduces the blood glucose level1.

1 J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Apr;26(4):1001-5. Caffeine and sprinting performance: dose responses and efficacy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22388491 Glaister M, Patterson SD, Foley P, Pedlar CR, Pattison JR, McInnes G. School of Human Sciences, St. Mary’s University College, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, United Kingdom. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Dec;42(12):2205-10. Effect of two doses of caffeine on muscular function during isokinetic exercise. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20421833 Astorino TA Terzi MN, Roberson DW, Burnett TR. Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA.

NUTRITION INFORMATION

Ingredients: Beta-alanine (as CarnoSyn®), arginine alphaketoglutarate (AKG), citrulline malate, tyrosine, taurine, flavouring1,3, flavourings2, acidity regulator (citric acid), caffeine, red beet concentrate2,3 (for colour), sweeteners (sucralose, acesufame K), anti-caking agent (silicon dioxide), colour (beta-carotene2,3, E1331, E1021*). *May have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children. It applies only to the following flavours: kiwi1, strawberry-pineapple2, red grapefruit3. Warnings: With sweeteners. High caffeine content. Not recommended for children or pregnant or breast-feeding women (200 mg/dose).

RECOMMENDED USE

Mix 2 scoops of LevroPump (12 g) with 250 ml of cold water. Drink 1 serving about 20 minutes before your workout. Warnings: Do not use if you are allergic to any of the product compounds. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet. A varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are recommended. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Keep out of reach of young children. Do not consume with alcohol. Store in dry and cool place and keep away from direct sunlight.